The Protective Effects of Betacarotene from Carrot (Daucus carota L.)on Paracetamol Induced nephrotoxicity in Male Laboratory Rats

Abstract

Paracetamol overdose can cause nephrotoxicity with high of uric acid level  as one of the possible mechanisms mediating the event. This study aimed to examine the effect of short-term exposure to therapeutic doses of paracetamol and over-exposure, in male rat and to investigate whetherbetacarotene was effective at preventing paracetamol nephrotoxicity induced by these exposures.Screening methods of the betacarotene was done. Twenty four  adult male rats were divided into six groups (n= 4 in each group). Group A (control negative) animals received feed normal  for ten days, group B (paracetamol group) received  allopurinol 1,8 mg/200gBB, and paracetamol single dose/day for ten  days 300 mg/200gBB orally.  Group C received paracetamol 300 mg/200kgBB,  Group D,E, and F received betacarotene  2 mg/200gBB;  4 mg/200gBB  and 8 mg/200gBB in paracetamol 300 mg/200kgBB respectively, for ten consecutive days of   administration. Blood samples withdrawn from the tail  for uric acid level examination using auotocheck tools on day 0, 7^th and 10^th.Screening result of betacaotene showed presence of nephroprotective pytochemicals. Paracetamol administration resulted in significant elevation of uric acid markers. Treatment with betacarotene at doses of 2 and 4 mg/200gBB prevented the Paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity and impairments of the kidney, as evidenced by a Anova test significantly reduced (P<0.05) of uric acidlevel.Betacarotene  ameliorated the effect of paracetamol toxicity by reducing the markers as well as reversing the paracetamol-induced changes. In conclusion, Carrot contains betacarotene,has nephroprotective phytochemicals effect and may be useful in preventing kidney damage induced by paracetamol.